Flow rates and spray angles cover a wide range. For a given pipe size, the spray angle range for hollow-cone and full-cone spiral nozzles is 50°–170°, and the liquid flow rate ranges from 2.6 to 6,330 liters per minute.

This flanged nozzle produces a hollow cone spray pattern and is mounted on a pointed-structure polyester flange featuring a silicon carbide insert; it may also be manufactured using other materials. The nozzle is available with flange connection sizes of 2″, 3″, and 4″. At a pressure of 0.7 bar, the flow rate ranges from 535 L/min to 2000 L/min. The spray angle is 60° to 180° for the 2″ size, and 60° to 120° for the 3″ and 4″ sizes.

The spray pattern of a spiral nozzle is formed by the shearing of the fluid as it rotates along the spiral, creating multiple concentric cones. These cones produce two to three relatively thick bands of droplets, surrounded by wider, finer bands of droplets.